Satrlar

String - bu Unicode belgilar ketma-ketligi. Python'da string'larni bir tirnoq, qo'sh tirnoq yoki uch tirnoq (triple quotes) bilan yozish mumkin.

print("Hello World")

Yonma-yon yozilgan string literal'lar

Python yonma-yon yozilgan string literallarni avtomatik birlashtiradi (concatenate qiladi):

text = "Py" "thon"
print(text)  # Python

Bu uzun string'larni bir nechta qatorga bo'lib yozishda qulay:

message = (
    "This is a long message "
    "split across multiple lines."
)
print(message)

Bu faqat literal'lar uchun ishlaydi. O'zgaruvchilar uchun + yoki f-string ishlating.

String ichidan qiymat olish

Indexing va slicing'dan foydalaning:

name = "John Doe"
message = "John Doe learns Python"

print("name[0]:", name[0])
print("message[1:4]:", message[1:4])

String'lar manfiy index'larni (oxiridan sanash) va len() ni ham qo'llab-quvvatlaydi:

word = "Python"

print(word[-1])   # n
print(word[-3:])  # hon
print(len(word))  # 6

String'larni yangilash

String'lar immutable. String'ni "o'zgartirish" uchun yangisini yaratasiz:

message = "Hello World"
print(message[:6] + "Python")  # Hello Python

Keng tarqalgan escape belgilar

print() va string ifodasi

print() matnni ko'rsatadi, repr() esa string ifodasini (escape sequence'lar bilan) qaytaradi:

text = "First line.\nSecond line."

print(text)
print(repr(text))

String operatorlari

Agar a = "Hello" va b = "Python" bo'lsa:

Raw string'lar regex va Windows path'lari uchun foydali:

path = r"C:\new_folder\test"
print(path)

Eslatma: Raw string literal bitta backslash bilan tugay olmaydi (masalan r"C:\new_folder\" noto'g'ri). Agar oxirida backslash kerak bo'lsa, oddiy string ishlating: "C:\\new_folder\\".

String formatlash

Python bir nechta formatlash usullarini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi:

name = "Zara"
weight = 21

# f-string (tavsiya etiladi)
print(f"My name is {name} and weight is {weight} kg")

# str.format
print("My name is {} and weight is {} kg".format(name, weight))

# %-formatting (legacy, lekin ishlaydi)
print("My name is %s and weight is %d kg" % (name, weight))

% formatlash bo'yicha tezkor jadval

Triple quotes

Uch tirnoq multiline matn uchun qulay:

text = """This is a long string
that spans multiple lines.
It can contain \t and \n characters too."""
print(text)

Python 3 da Unicode string'lar

Python 3 string'lari standart holatda Unicode (UTF-8). Python 2 da Unicode string uchun u prefiksi kerak edi, Python 3 da bunga hojat yo'q.

greeting = "Hello"
city = "London"
emoji = "\U0001F600"
print(greeting, city, emoji)

Unicode escape'laridan foydalanish yoki belgini bevosita yozish mumkin:

print("\u00E9")         # e (Unicode escape belgisi)
print("cafe\u0301")     # urg'uli cafe

Built-in string metodlar

text = "  learn python  "
print(text.strip().title())  # Learn Python (natija)